===== Advantech PCA-6145 - 486 Single Board Computer =====
{{:blog:486:pca-6145-620d46020ad7c715583291.jpg?600|}}
This is a 486 level system (socket 3) on a single 16bit ISA card. It is very compact, with almost everything you would want in a DOS system.
I bought this card in February 2024 with the intention to build an ultra small form factor DOS PC, so that I could put all of the full-size systems away in storage, to claw back some space in my office.
==== Specifications ====
* Socket 3 (CPU support from Intel 486DX-33 up to 133MHz models from AMD and the Cyrix/IBM 5x86), supports both 3.3v and 5v chips
* VIA VT82C496G chipset
* 128KB secondary cache
* 1MB C&T 65550 VGA, connected via VESA Local Bus.
* Primary IDE controller (up to 2 devices)
* Floppy controller (up to 2 devices, both 3.5" - 720,1440,2880k - and 5.25" - 360,1200k - support)
* 1x 72pin SIMM socket, supporting EDO
* Parallel port
* Serial port
* PC/104 interface
* (optional) 10BaseT Ethernet interface
* (optional) Disk On Module storage
Power is by the ISA interface, or by a 3.5" floppy style connector at the top of the board.
==== Files ====
* {{ :blog:486:pca-6145b-l_users_manual_ed_1_.2.pdf|PCA-6145B/L User manual}} (.pdf)
* {{ :blog:486:pca6145b-l_startup_1_.p65.pdf|PCA-6145B/L Startup manual}} (.pdf)
* {{ :blog:486:pca-6145_6145u10.zip|PCA-6145 Utility disk}} (zipped .exe)
* [[https://theretroweb.com/motherboards/s/advantech-pca-6145b|PCA-6145B/L]] - documentation on TheRetroWeb motherboard resource pages
==== Connections ====
These are all from the manual, but for quick reference:
{{:blog:486:pca-6145b-connectors.jpg?400|}}
{{:blog:486:pca-6145b-jumpers.jpg?400|}}
**NOTE! The locations/labelling for JP15 and JP20 are REVERSED on the user guide and the above images extracted from it** The Startup guide has them labelled correctly, but the main user guide is **incorrect**. Please refer to the Startup guide when setting jumpers for your specific processor!
The startup guide labels the jumpers (correctly) as below:
{{:blog:486:pca6145-startup-jumpers.png?400|}}
---
^ Position ^ Function ^ Position ^ Function ^
| JP1 | Turbo LED | CN1 | IDE Controller |
| JP2 | Turbo Switch | CN2 | LCD Connector |
| JP3 | HDD LED | CN3 | Floppy Drive Connector |
| JP4 | CPU Frequency Select | COM1 | Serial Port |
| JP5 | CPU Frequency Select | COM2 | Serial Port |
| JP6 | CPU Frequency Select | J1 | Alternative Power Connector |
| JP7 | CPU Type Select | J2 | VGA Connector |
| JP8 | CPU Type Select | J3 | Ethernet Connector |
| JP9 | Battery | J4 | External Keyboard |
| JP11 | CPU Type Select | J5 | External PS/2 Keyboard |
| JP13 | CPU Type Select | J6 | Keyboard Lock |
| JP14 | CPU Voltage Select | J7 | PC Speaker |
| JP15 | PS/2 Mouse Enable | CN4 | Parallel Port |
| JP20,JP21 | CPU Type Select | | |
| JP22,JP23,JP24 | Disk-on-chip Function Set | | |
| JP28 | LCD Control | | |
| JP29 | Watchdog Timer | | |
| JP30 | Reset Switch | | |
| JP35-JP39 | COM2 Select | | |
=== Power Connector J1 ===
The pinout for the J1 power connector is silk screened on the board, but can be a little difficult to make out. It is, as follows:
^ Pin ^ Signal ^
| 1 | +5v DC |
| 2 | Ground |
| 3 | Ground |
| 4 | +12v DC |
i.e. it is exactly the same as a standard PC 3.5" floppy power connector (4 pin mini spox). The SBC does not appear to have a -12v or -5v DC input header; it will be present on the ISA edge connection, but I am unsure at this time whether either of those voltages is strictly necessary for the SBC to function adequately - it would appear from the manual that it is fine without them.
==== Arrival / Testing ====
The card was pretty dirty and very smelly when it arrived, but was otherwise complete and in good condition.
{{:blog:486:img20240302111440.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240302111449.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240302111458.jpg?400|}}
Thoroughly cleaned with 99% IPA, and the rear IO panel rubbed down with fine sandpaper:
{{:blog:486:img20240302114227.jpg?400|}}
=== Booting ===
With the 3.5" FDD power connected to J1, the card by itself powers on without issue:
{{:blog:486:img20240303090734.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240303090728.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240303090848.jpg?400|}}
===== Building the System =====
^ Image ^ Part ^ Quantity ^ Supplier ^ Cost ^ Description ^
| {{:blog:486:img20240302114227.jpg?100|}} | PCA-6145 486 SBC | 1 | Ebay | £75 | Supplied with Intel DX4-100 and unknown 72pin SIMM |
| {{:blog:486:img20240223142420.jpg?100|}} | ESS ES1868F Soundcard | 1 | N/A | £0 | Out of my spares box |
| {{:blog:486:img20240227091430.jpg?100|}} | Realtek 8019AS Network Card | 1 | Ebay | £16 | Ethernet and ROM socket for XT-IDE BIOS |
| {{:blog:486:img20240223142403.jpg?100|}} | Compaq ISA Riser Card | 1 | Ebay | £12 | Three-slot riser used as the backplane mount for the above card |
| | AMD X5-133 CPU | 1 | N/A | £0 | Out of my spares box, will replaced the DX4-100 |
| | 32MB 60ns EDO SIMM | 1 | N/A | £0 | Out of my spares box, will replace the unknown 72pin SIMM |
| {{:blog:486:img20240227091518.jpg?100|}} | Sony MPF920 3.5" Floppy Drive | 1 | N/A | £0 | Out of my spares box |
| | Pico PSU | 1 | N/A | £0 | Out of my spares box, was previously used for X68000 |
| | 60 Gelid Silent fan | 1 | | | To cool AMD 5x86/133 and/or an Intel DX4. Will probably mount to case, rather than CPU. |
| | Noctua RC-10 3pin fan speed reducer | 1 | | | From spares box. |
| | IDE to CF adapter | 1 | | | From spares box. |
| | Red LED | 1 | | | From spares box. HDD activity LED for front of case |
| | Yellow LED | 1 | | | From spares box. Turbo LED for front of case |
| | Green LED | 1 | | | From spares box. Power LED for front of case |
| | SPST toggle switch | 2 | | | Turbo and Power switch for front of case |
| | SPST momentary switch | 1 | | | Reset switch for front of case |
| | 340x110x4mm Acacia/Arabica Gum boards | 3 | Ebay | £10/each | Sides/front/rear of case |
| | 340x150x3mm Maple boards | 2 | Ebay | £9/each | Top/bottom of case |
| | 300x15x15mm hardwood strips | 8 | Ebay | £12/pack | Fasteners/strengtheners for inside of case |
| | Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 | 1 | ThePiHut.com | £29 | To run MT32pi/Fluidsynth software MIDI |
| | WP32 McCake | 1 | Serdashop.com | Euro 55 | Interface between waveblaster header on soundcard and Pi compute module |
==== Mockup Images ====
With cards fitted to the riser/backplane, it looks like I will just have enough room for a full sized 3.5" floppy drive at the bottom, so I can add that in without really increasing the overall size of the system:
{{:blog:486:img20240223144922.jpg?400|}}
Overall dimensions look like it is going to be approximately 20cm front to back, 10cm high and 15-16cm wide.
=== Case Dimensions ===
* Top/bottom: 2x 240x150x3mm
* Sides: 2x 240x110x4mm
* Front/back: 2x 158x110x4mm
==== Case Construction Images ====
Building the framework, cutting panels to size and test fitting components:
{{:blog:486:img20240316135732.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240316135743.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240316135754.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240316144247.jpg?400|}}
{{:blog:486:img20240316172752.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240316172802.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240317165930.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240317165937.jpg?400|}}
{{:blog:486:img20240317170044.jpg?400|}}
Mounting ISA riser/backplane card:
{{:blog:486:img20240318215138.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240318215147.jpg?400|}}
Using router to radius case edges:
{{:blog:486:img20240319212024.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240321143848.jpg?400|}}
Applied boiled linseed oil to colour/protect natural wood finish:
{{:blog:486:img20240324150859.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240324150905.jpg?400|}}
Case finished, with power, turbo and reset switches, power turbo and HDD status LED's, CF card and 3.5" FDD installed:
{{:blog:486:img20240407170803.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240407170809.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240407170809.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240407170828.jpg?400|}}
{{:blog:486:img20240407170851.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img20240407170905.jpg?400|}}
Connected up with keyboard and 17" Dell LCD:
{{:blog:486:img20240407170459.jpg?400|}}
----
===== Software Setup =====
==== DOS & Drivers ====
This is a fairly standard setup, there isn't a need for any particular wacky drivers or fancy memory setups. A basic configuration to allow boot in HIMEM + EMM386 (XMS + EMS) and a secondary one to boot with only HIMEM (XMS only) is sufficient for all of the games installed so far.
I am using Win 98SE DOS, which is available on the boot floppy distributed with that version of Windows - mainly because that version of DOS supports FAT32 and large drives. The command line tools to make up a complete DOS install are on the Win 98SE CD. Windows itself is not installed.
**Config.sys**
[MENU]
MENUITEM STANDARD, HIMEM and EMM386
MENUITEM NOEMS, HIMEM Only
MENUDEFAULT STANDARD,3
[STANDARD]
dos=high,umb
device=c:\dos\himem.sys
device=c:\dos\EMM386.EXE ram
INCLUDE BASIC
[NOEMS]
device=c:\dos\himem.sys
INCLUDE BASIC
[BASIC]
fileshigh=40
buffershigh=20
stacks=9,256
lastdrive=i
SHELL=C:\TOOLS\4DOS\4DOS.COM C:\TOOLS\4DOS\ /P
**Autoexec.bat**
@ECHO OFF
SET PROMPT=$P$G
SET TEMP=C:\TMP
SET TMP=%TEMP%
SET PATH=C:\DOS;C:\DRIVERS\TLBMM;C:\TOOLS\4DOS;C:\DRIVERS\UNISOUND
SET PATH=%PATH%;C:\DRIVERS\CTMOUSE;C:\DRIVERS\MIDI;C:\TOOLS\VOLKOV
SET PATH=%PATH%;C:\TOOLS\MTCP;C:\TOOLS\SHSUCD;C:\TOOLS\ISOMOUNT
SET PATH=%PATH%;C:\DRIVERS\VESA;C:\DRIVERS\JEMM;C:\TOOLS\BIN
REM =============== Disk cache ====================
LOADHIGH LBACACHE
REM =============== Network Stack =================
LOADHIGH C:\DRIVERS\RTL8019\PNPPD.COM
SET MTCPCFG=C:\TOOLS\MTCP\MTCP.CFG
REM =============== Sound Config ==================
SET BLASTER=A220 I7 D1 T4 P330
CALL UNISOUND.BAT
REM =============== Mouse Driver ==================
CT20 /P /B
REM =============== 4DOS ==========================
LOADHIGH C:\TOOLS\4DOS\KSTACK.COM
==== Sound Software ====
The ESS1864F sound chip on the ISA sound card doesn't need any special drivers loaded and works in the following modes:
* Adlib - FM/OPL2 music/effects, no digital effects
* Soundblaster 1 - FM/OPL2 music/effects, mono 8bit digital effects
* Soundblaster Pro 2 - FM/OPL3 music/effects, stereo 8bit digital effects
* ESS native mode - FM/ESSFM music/effects //(1)//, stereo 16bit digital effects //(2)//
* MPU-401 - UART mode MIDI interface //(3)//
By having support for Adlib, Soundblaster and Soundblaster Pro 2, this chip covers almost the entire range of DOS games. The only titles that would not be supported are anything that predates Adlib; for example Covox or Tandy audio. It may be possible to add a discrete external Covox or Tandy audio adapter to the parallel port in the future.
//(1) The enhanced ESS FM mode sounds brighter and allow for more simultaneous FM parts than regular OPL3 playback would allow. Not supported in all games.//
//(2) Native support for the ESS 16bit digital audio is not very common in DOS titles, but is supported in Windows.//
//(3) Intelligent mode MPU-401 MIDI is not supported as standard, but can be implemented using the SoftMPU utility.//
The lack of a dedicated 16bit Soundblaster mode is not really that much of a drawback; there wasn't a lot of games which had native 16bit digital audio, with very few titles using actual 16bit samples.
The ESS1868F can be initialised with the excellent //unisound// utility, which doesn't load any drivers or consume any memory:
* https://www.vogons.org/viewtopic.php?t=72553
* {{ :blog:486:unisound081b.zip |}} (local copy)
I have a simple batch file which runs and configures //unisound// in my **Autoexec.bat** file:
SET BLASTER=A220 I7 D1 T4 P330
UNISOUND.COM /C2 /V75 /VF75 /VW75 /VC75
Where //C2// is the second Plug & Play ISA card in the system (the network card is the other), and all the others are simply volume controls (set everything to 75%).
==== MIDI Software ====
Since the MT32Pi can operate in MT-32 or General MIDI mode, I used the mt32pi-control software to control it from the DOS command prompt.
* https://github.com/gmcn42/mt32-pi-control
I also wrote a couple of simple batch file wrappers to automate the various mode changes:
**MIDI_MT.BAT**
rem ==== Sets the device to MT-32 (rev 0) mode ====
MT32-PI.EXE -v -m --mt32-reset -b old
**MIDI_MTN.BAT**
rem ==== Sets the device to MT-32 (rev 1) ====
MT32-PI.EXE -v -m --mt32-reset -b new
**MIDI_CM.BAT**
rem ==== Sets the device to CM-32L mode ====
MT32-PI.EXE -v -m --mt32-reset -b cm32l
**MIDI_GM.BAT**
rem ==== Sets the device to General MIDI/Fluidsynth mode ====
rem ==== Chooses soundfont number 0 ====
MT32-PI.EXE -v -g --gm-reset -s 0
=== SoftMPU ===
The MPU-401 MIDI port on the ESS1868F card is a simple UART implementation - it works with many later games without issue, but a lot of earlier titles (late 1980's and the first couple of years of the 1990's) expected an //Intelligent mode// card, like the Roland MPU-IPC, and will ordinarily refuse to initialise music.
Fortunately the //SoftMPU// utility can work on the ESS card, and implements an intelligent mode MIDI interface via software.
* https://bjt42.github.io/softmpu/
* {{ :blog:486:softmpu-1.91.zip |}} (local copy)
I wrote a batch wrapper around softmpu that also works on Dosbox, so I can add this entry before any games expecting an intelligent mode MIDI interface and it will set up the right environment, regardless of whether I am running the game in an emulated environment, or in my real hardware.
With the ESS card, you must configure SoftMPU to use the same MPU base address, Soundblaster base address and Soundblaster interrupt number that you configured in the SET BLASTER line and passed to unisound:
**Softmpu.bat**
@ECHO OFF
SET DOSBOXDRIVE=Z:
IF EXIST %DOSBOXDRIVE%\COMMAND.COM GOTO DOSBOX
GOTO MPU
:MPU
LOADHIGH C:\DRIVERS\MIDI\SOFTMPU.EXE /MPU:330 /SB:220 /IRQ:7
GOTO EXIT
:DOSBOX
ECHO SOFTMPU not supported in Dosbox
ECHO Configuring MPU-401 to intelligent instead...
%DOSBOXDRIVE%\CONFIG -SET mpu401=intelligent
GOTO EXIT
:EXIT
It is important to note that SoftMPU can only run when EMM386 (or QEMM) is loaded. It does not work without it.
==== Virtual CD-ROM / ISO Mounting ====
A lot of later DOS games came on CD-ROM and it is often convenient to keep them in an ISO format on the drive (especially since I don't have a CD-ROM drive with this system!).
Fortunately there is a virtual CD-ROM driver available which can mount ISO files as a CD drive:
* http://adoxa.altervista.org/shsucdx/
Since I use a lot of games interchangeably between Dosbox and this real system, I wrote a couple of batch files which determine whether to use the Dosbox //imgmount// command, or the //shsucdhd and shsucdx// commands on the real system:
**Isomount.bat**
@ECHO OFF
SET ISODIR=D:\ISO
SET ISODRIVE=E
SET DOSBOXDRIVE=Z:
SET SHSPATH=C:\TOOLS\SHSUCD
IF EXIST %ISODIR%\%1 GOTO CHECKBOX
GOTO MISSING
:CHECKBOX
REM -= Mount an ISO =-
@echo Mounting ISO file %ISODIR%\%1 as %ISODRIVE%
IF EXIST %DOSBOXDRIVE%\COMMAND.COM GOTO DOSBOX
GOTO REALBOX
:REALBOX
REM -= Mount an ISO using shsucdhd/shsucdx =-
@echo Calling SHSUCDHD
%SHSPATH%\SHSUCDHD /F:%ISODIR%\%1 /Q
@echo Calling SHSUCDX
%SHSPATH%\SHSUCDX /D:SHSU-CDH,%ISODRIVE% /Q
GOTO END
:DOSBOX
REM -= Mount an ISO using Dosbox imgmount =-
REM @echo Calling Dosbox imgmount
%DOSBOXDRIVE%\imgmount %ISODRIVE%: %ISODIR%\%1 -t iso -fs iso
GOTO END
:MISSING
REM -= ISO is missing =-
@echo Warning! The source ISO %ISODIR%\%1 is missing
@echo ===============================================
@echo You must call this tool with the name of an ISO file
@echo which is available in %ISODIR%
@echo e.g. ISOMOUNT.BAT TENTACLE.ISO
GOTO END
:END
REM -= End of ISO mount wrapper =-
**Isoumnt.bat**
@ECHO OFF
SET ISODIR=D:\ISO
SET ISODRIVE=E
SET DOSBOXDRIVE=Z:
SET SHSPATH=C:\TOOLS\SHSUCD
:CHECKBOX
REM -= Unmount an ISO =-
@echo Unmounting ISO file on %ISODRIVE%
IF EXIST %DOSBOXDRIVE%\COMMAND.COM GOTO DOSBOX
GOTO REALBOX
:REALBOX
REM -= Unmount an ISO using shsucdhd/shsucdx =-
@echo Calling SHSUCDHD to unload
%SHSPATH%\SHSUCDHD /U /Q
@echo Calling SHSUCDX to unload
%SHSPATH%\SHSUCDX /U /Q
GOTO END
:DOSBOX
REM -= Unmount an ISO using Dosbox imgmount =-
@echo Calling Dosbox imgmount to unload
%DOSBOXDRIVE%\imgmount -u %ISODRIVE%:
GOTO END
:END
REM -= End of ISO mount wrapper =-
It assumes all of your ISO image files are stored in **D:\ISO** (adjust the file to suit if otherwise). You call the batch file as follows:
ISOMOUNT.BAT GAME.ISO
... and to unmount the drive and free up memory:
ISOUMNT.BAT
Since it is mounting ISO image files, CD audio is //not// supported. That isn't a huge issue in //most// cases when games have alternative soundtracks. Though be warned - some later CD titles //only// have CD audio music. I have highlighted any of these in my game testing below.
==== Game Testing =====
==== Video BIOS Bugs ====
The C&T 65550 VESA Local Bus VGA that is embedded in the 486 single board computer is a later video card with a VESA 2.0 BIOS and unfortunately has had the 8x14 VGA font removed.
This is apparent in DOS titles that use the 8x14 font to display text:
* SimCity - Main game text and menus
* Shadow of the Comet - Installation/configuration utility only
This manifests as corrupt text display:
{{:blog:486:img_20240412_181056_1200_x_900_pixel_.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img_20240412_210658_1200_x_900_pixel_.jpg?400|}}
Fortunately it is possible to use a small utility to load back the 8x14 font as needed:
* https://www.bttr-software.de/products/fix8x14/
* {{:blog:486:fix8x14b.zip|}} (local copy)
When loaded (it will //loadhigh// if you have upper memory blocks available via EMM386 or similar), it resolves the problem for the above titles:
{{:blog:486:img_20240412_205738_1200_x_900_pixel_.jpg?400|}} {{:blog:486:img_20240412_210709_1200_x_900_pixel_.jpg?400|}}
===== Sound Card Testing =====
Whilst the ESS1868 soundcard worked in most titles, there was a reasonable number where the game simply wouldn't start, would lock up, or didn't work correctly; including some quite popular titles.
I tried several more sound cards, the results of which can be seen below:
^ Image | {{:blog:486:img20210628125242.jpg?200}} | {{:blog:486:img20240508202148.jpg?200}} | {{:blog:486:ymf719.jpg?200}} | {{:blog:486:ymf715.jpg?200}} |
^ Model | Board is labelled as 'Binaura 3D' | Unknown | Addonics | Addonics |
^ Chip | **ESS-1868F** (line-out only) | **ESS-1868F** (with stereo amp IC) | **YMF-719E-S** | **YMF-718S** |
^ General Features | ESS-FM, Wavetable header, MPU401, SB/SB Pro support. | ESS-FM, Wavetable header, MPU401, SB/SB Pro support. | Yamaha OPL3, Wavetable header, MP401, SB/SB Pro support, bass/treble, 3D effect. | Yamaha OPL3, Wavetable header, MP401, SB/SB Pro support, bass/treble, 3D effect (via QSound chip). |
^ Good Points | Quiet, reasonable SB/SB Pro compatibility. No loadable drivers needed. | Same as line-out only version. | No loadable drivers needed. More games work in SB/SB Pro mode than with the ESS cards. Tyrian, Tyrian 2000, Dune CD, Flashback all working. Much fuller sound with the tone and 3D effect adjustments in the onboard mixer. Ringworld plays back music using SoftMPU with this card. | |
^ Bad Points | Tyrian and Tyrian 2000 have missing digital audio. Dune CD locks up when playing digital audio. Flashback won't work in Soundblaster mode. Privateer has no digital audio. SoftMPU won't work with Ringworld and several other titles. | Same as line-out only version. | Jill of the Jungle locks up. Space Quest 4 won't work in dual 'Roland + CMS Soundblaster' mode. Digital audio playback in //some// titles has pronounced clicking, especially during streamed audio/music (e.g. speech). | Exactly the same as the YMF-719. Perhaps a //tiny// bit less clicking. |
| ^ Games working / non-working ^ Games working / non-working ^ Games working / non-working ^ Games working / non-working ^
^ Adlib games | 27 / 2 | 27 / 2 | | |
^ Soundblaster 1.0/2.0 games | 82 / 6 | 82 / 6 | | |
^ Soundblaster Pro games | 55 / 2 | 55 / 2 | | |
^ MIDI (GM) games | 42 / 9 | 42 / 9 | | |
^ MIDI (MT-32) games | 75 / 14 | 75 / 14 | | |
For the purposes of testing, I counted games as //working// if the game started and was playable and made recognisable sounds and music using the configured audio device. If the audio was noisy, crackly, or clicked, but was still producing the overall sound which was intended, then it was considered //working//. If there was no audio using that option, or the game crashed, refused to launch or locked up using that audio device, then it was considered //not working//.
In addition, regardless of sound card, the following games won't work with SoftMPU:
* Gateway
* Gateway II - Homeworld
* Superhero League of Hoboken
The following games don't produce any digital audio:
* Wing Commander Privateer
----
===== Benchmarks =====
No retro PC build is complete without a suite of benchmarks, and here they are below.
==== Configuration 1 ====
* Am5x86 133MHz, 16KB WB L1 cache (4 x 33MHz)
* 128KB WB L2 cache
* BIOS options as below:
==== Configuration 2 ====
* Cyrix 5x86 100MHz, 16KB WB L1 cache (3 x 33MHz)
* 128KB WB L2 cache
* BIOS options as above
* No Cyrix optimisations enabled (out of box configuration)
==== Configuration 3 ====
* Cyrix 5x86 100MHz, 16KB WB L1 cache (3 x 33MHz)
* BIOS options as above
* Cyrix optimisations enabled: //5x86.exe /btb_en=on /rtsk_en=on /lsser=off /loop_en=off /bwrt=on /fp_fast=on//
==== Configuration 4 ====
* Cyrix 5x86 120MHz, 16KB WB L1 cache (3 x 40MHz)
* Overclocked
* BIOS options as above
* Cyrix optimisations not enabled (out of box oncifiguration)
==== Configuration 5 ====
* Cyrix 5x86 120MHz, 16KB WB L1 cache (3 x 40MHz)
* Overclocked
* BIOS options as above
* Cyrix optimisations enabled: //5x86.exe /btb_en=on /rtsk_en=on /lsser=off /loop_en=off /bwrt=on /fp_fast=on//
==== Results ====
^ ^ ^ Configuration 1 ^ Configuration 2 ^ Configuration 3 ^ Configuration 4 ^ Configuration 5 ^
| | | AMD Am5x86 133 | Cyrix 5x86 100 | Cyrix 5x86 100 (optimal) | Cyrix 5x86 120 | Cyrix 5x86 120 (optimal) |
| | | 4 x 33MHz | 3 x 33MHz | 3 x 33MHz | 3 x 40MHz | 3 x 40MHz |
^ Test ^ Metric | | | | | |
^ Norton ^ CPU Score | 288.2 | 264.2 | 317 | 317 | 380.4 |
^ Comptest ^ CPU Cache throughput | 168946 KB/Sec | 190909 KB/sec | 192837 KB/Sec | 230011 KB/Sec | 230011 KB/Sec |
^ Comptest ^ RAM throughput | 8804 KB/Sec | 9320 KB/Sec | 9320 KB/Sec | 10524 KB/Sec | 10523 KB/Sec |
^ Comptest ^ Extended RAM throughput | 7066 KB/Sec | 7631 KB/Sec | 7206 KB/Sec | 8188 KB/Sec | 7957 KB/Sec |
^ Comptest ^ Dhrystones | 66195 | 64570 | 64949 | 77351 | 78273 |
^ Comptest ^ KWhetstones | 42857 | 35099 | 35570 | 56756 | 65625 |
^ Comptest ^ MegaFLOPS | 3.603 | 3.375 | 3.484 | 4.110 | 5.182 |
^ Comptest ^ Disk throughput | 1618 KB/Sec | 1709 KB/Sec | 1684 KB/Sec | 2032 KB/Sec | 2024 KB/Sec |
^ Landmark ^ CPU of emulated PC/AT | 633 MHz | 507 MHz | 804 MHz | 609 MHz | 964 MHz |
^ Landmark ^ FPU of emulated PC/AT | 908 MHz | 946 MHz | 955 MHz | 1136 MHz | 1369 MHz |
^ Landmark ^ Video | 6597 chr/sec | 6597 chr/sec | 6597 chr/sec | 6597 chr/sec | 6597 chr/sec |
^ Speedsys ^ CPU Performance | 49.88 | 47.09 | 56.49 | 56.51 | 67.78 |
^ Speedsys ^ L1 Cache | 109.6 MB/Sec | 137.9 MB/Sec | 135.9 MB/Sec | 162.7 MB/Sec | 160.4 MB/Sec |
^ Speedsys ^ L2 Cache | 36.0 MB/Sec | 40.3 MB/Sec | 40.2 MB/Sec | 52.4 MB/Sec | 52.4 MB/Sec |
^ Speedsys ^ RAM Throughput | 22.6 MB/Sec | 23.1 MB/Sec | 23.1 MB/Sec | 24.3 MB/Sec | 24.3 MB/Sec |
^ Speedsys ^ RAM Bandwidth | 39.9 MB/Sec | 39.9 MB/Sec | 39.9 MB/Sec | 54.24 MB/Sec | 54.24 MB/Sec |
^ Wolfenstein 3D ^ FPS | 81.5 fps | 82.1 fps | 82.3 fps | 90.9 fps | 91.4 fps |
^ DOOM ^ Low Detail | 95.2 fps | 88.8 fps | 89.9 fps | 107.2 fps | 108.6 fps |
^ DOOM ^ High Detail | 38.1 fps | 34.4 fps | 35.2 fps | 40.0 fps | 40.8 fps |
^ Quake ^ 320x240 | 11.1 fps | 10.1 fps | 10.9 fps | 12.1 fps | **ERROR - page fault** |
^ Quake ^ 360x480 | 5.3 fps | 4.8 fps | 5.2 fps | 5.7 fps | **ERROR - page fault** |
^ Quake ^ 640x480 | //Unsupported// | //Unsupported// | //Unsupported// | //Unsupported// | //Unsupported// |
^ 3D Bench ^ 1.0c | 67.3 fps | 65.5 fps | 67.7 fps | 69.7 fps | 71.8 fps |
^ PC Player ^ Low Res | 14.3 fps | 13.4 fps | 13.4 fps | 15.8 fps | 15.9 fps |
^ PC Player ^ High Res | 6.4 fps | 5.3 fps | 5.4 fps | 6.1 fps | 6.3 fps |
* Doom FPS is calculated as: (35*2134) / //realticks//
It appears that the Cyrix chip running in 40MHz bus mode is a really strong performer; outclassing the Am5x86 despite the higher clock speed of the AMD processor. Even at 100MHz (3x 33MHz), the lower clocked Cyrix processor is within 10% of the performance of the AMD.
The performance differential isn't too surprising considering the AMD is effectively a clock-quadrupled 486DX, whereas the Cyrix design is a cut-down and backported core from the much-maligned (but actually very impressive, if you discount the FPU) Cyrix 6x86, so it's much closer to a Pentium class processor than the AMD.